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PMI® Commentary and Analysis

Reliable and timely insight into the health of the global economy

Insights from our monthly Purchasing Managers’ Index™ (PMI®) survey data enable financial and corporate professionals to better understand where economies and markets are headed and uncover opportunities

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  1. Irish PMI signals fastest economic growth for 14 years

    08 September 2014

    "The recovery in the Irish economy continued in August, with PMI" data covering the combined manufacturing, services and construction sectors...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  2. Business and financial services drive global growth in August

    08 September 2014

    PMI data from Markit signalled that business-facing and finance-related sectors achieved the fastest rates of activity expansion globally in...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  3. US jobs growth weakens to eight month low in August

    05 September 2014

    A disappointing employment report gives US policy makers food for thought about when the economy might be capable of withstanding higher interest...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  4. UK unemployment to fall further as job vacancies rise at fastest rate in 16 years

    05 September 2014

    "Recruitment industry survey data point to a further drop in UK unemployment over the summer, but also highlight worsening staff availability...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  5. Italian homebuilding contracts at fastest pace in 17 months

    05 September 2014

    "Construction activity in Italy continued to contract during August, led by a sharp and accelerated decrease in residential building work. New...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  6. German industrial production rebounds in July, bodes well for third quarter

    05 September 2014

    "German industrial production increased for the second successive month in July and factory orders rose at the sharpest rate in over a year...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  7. Week Ahead Economic Overview

    04 September 2014

    "The week sees a fleet of data for the eurozone, including updates on the labour market and industrial production. The UK also sees the release...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  8. PMI data show US and UK spearheading global economic upturn in August

    04 September 2014

    "The global economy continued to grow at a robust pace in August, with the rate of expansion dipping slightly but remaining close to the strongest...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  9. German all-sector PMI drops to ten-month low as manufacturing loses momentum

    04 September 2014

    "Economic growth in Germany's private sector slowed in August, according to latest PMI results. Growth in the internationally-focused manufacturing...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  10. ECB takes further action to boost economy

    04 September 2014

    The European Central Bank took further steps to bolster the faltering eurozone economic recovery at its September meeting. New action included...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  11. Bank of England holds rates amid confusing policy picture

    04 September 2014

    "The Bank of England left interest rates unchanged at its September meeting, but it's likely that the discussion about whether the UK is ready...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  12. UK economy picks up speed in August despite slowdown in manufacturing

    03 September 2014

    "The rate of UK economic growth accelerated in August, according to the Markit/CIPS PMI" surveys, but the upturn became ever more dependent on...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  13. Japanese PMI surveys point to modest GDP rise in third quarter

    03 September 2014

    Japan's economy looks set to avoid a renewed recession as PMI data suggest the economy has rebounded after shrinking in the second quarter. Gross...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  14. Eurozone recovery slows

    03 September 2014

    "Eurozone output expanded for the fourteenth successive month in August, according to the latest PMI surveys from Markit. At 52.5 in August...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  15. US heads manufacturing PMI rankings as Europe and China struggle

    02 September 2014

    "A relatively stable headline global PMI in August masked varying regional trends across the world's factories. The JPMorgan Global Manufacturing...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  16. UK construction sector picks up speed in August but supply problems worsen

    02 September 2014

    "The UK construction boom continued in August, according to buoyant PMI" survey data. Activity rose strongly, generating another near-record...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  17. Week Ahead Economic Overview

    28 August 2014

    Policy decisions at the Bank of England and the European Central Bank plus worldwide manufacturing and service sector PMI releases are the highlights...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  18. Week Ahead Economic Overview

    21 August 2014

    The week sees updates on inflation and unemployment for the eurozone amid industrial production numbers and labour market data for Japan. Other...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  19. Eurozone recovery makes steady progress in August

    21 August 2014

    "The Markit Flash Eurozone Composite Output Index gave back the ground it made in July, posting 52.8 in August, down from 53.8. The headline...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  20. U.S. Manufacturing PMI highest since April 2010

    21 August 2014

    The seasonally adjusted Markit Flash U.S. Manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index" (PMI") - which is designed to signal changes in prevailing...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  21. UK economic growth confirmed at 0.8% in second quarter

    15 August 2014

    The UK economy's on-going recovery was confirmed by the second estimate of gross domestic product in Q2 showing a healthy 0.8% expansion compared...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  22. German economy suffers surprise contraction in second quarter

    14 August 2014

    "The German economy contracted in the second quarter of 2014, raising worries that the eurozone's largest member state could be facing a triple-dip..."...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  23. Euro area economy stagnates in second quarter

    14 August 2014

    "A stalling of economic growth in the second quarter raises concerns that the euro area is sliding back into a triple dip recession. Many, including...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  24. French economy mired in stagnation

    14 August 2014

    "The French economy continued to stagnate in the second quarter of 2014, signalling an on-going lack of growth in the euro area's second-largest...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  25. Week Ahead Economic Overview

    13 August 2014

    Thursday's Flash PMI" data from Markit will provide the first insights into the health of the world's largest economies in August. Other standouts...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  26. UK pay growth slides to new low despite further tightening of the labour market

    13 August 2014

    "Unemployment dropped to its lowest since late 2008 in the three months to June, as employment continued to rise. The puzzle persists, however...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  27. Stagnation of US retail sales bodes ill for third quarter GDP

    13 August 2014

    Hopes of the US economy enjoying a strong third quarter were dampened as retail sales showed no change in July. Sales growth has now slowed for...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  28. Japanese GDP falls 1.7% as spending hit by sales tax rise

    13 August 2014

    "Japan's economy shrank in the second quarter as a rise in the country's sales tax hit spending. The government expects the downturn to be temporary,..."...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  29. Eurozone industrial production falls for second month running in June

    13 August 2014

    "Eurozone industrial production fell for a second successive month in June, raising the possibility of the economic recovery losing further momentum...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  30. Bank of England's brighter outlook marred by wage growth pessimism

    13 August 2014

    The Bank of England's latest quarterly Inflation Report revealed a brighter outlook for unemployment and a modest upward revision to the pace...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  31. Survey points to further drop in UK unemployment and rising pay pressures

    08 August 2014

    "Surging demand for staff and a record deterioration in staff availability led to a further steep increase in pay rates in July, according to...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  32. Week Ahead Economic Overview [11-15 Aug]: Second quarter GDP for Eurozone and Japan

    08 August 2014

    The week sees the first estimate of second quarter GDP and inflation numbers for the Eurozone amid a labour market update and the publication...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  33. UK trade deficit worsens on exports downturn

    08 August 2014

    "The UK's trade deficit worsened again in June, meaning the country's economic recovery remains reliant on domestic demand. The trade situation...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  34. UK construction rebounds in June, but official data still lag upbeat surveys

    08 August 2014

    "Official data on the health of the UK construction industry have been surprisingly disappointing so far this year, but there was some better...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  35. Survey points to further drop in unemployment and rising pay pressures

    08 August 2014

    "Surging demand for staff and a record deterioration in staff availability led to a further steep increase in pay rates in July, according to...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  36. Spanish employment rises for first time in six years as recovery gains momentum

    08 August 2014

    The recent news that employment in Spain increased on an annual basis for the first time in six years during the second quarter of 2014 has added...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  37. Global real estate activity increases at record pace in July

    07 August 2014

    "PMI data from Markit showed that the real estate sector led the global upturn at the start of the third quarter, building on June's strong performance....

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  38. ECB leaves policy unchanged, awaiting impact from prior stimulus

    07 August 2014

    "As widely expected, the European Central Bank left policy unchanged at its August Governing Council meeting. At the press conference, President...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  39. Chinese manufacturing upturn offset by stagnation in services

    07 August 2014

    "The HSBC/Markit China PMI surveys pointed to the third successive monthly expansion of output in July, a return to growth which adds to the...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  40. Bank of England maintains ultra-loose policy stance

    07 August 2014

    "There was no change in interest rates at the Bank of England at its August meeting, but we expect the minutes to show that opinion is moving...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  41. UK economy sees strong start to third quarter as PMI rises to highest since April

    05 August 2014

    The growth surge in the UK economy shows no signs of abating. The three Markit/CIPS PMI" surveys showed business activity expanding in July at...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  42. South Africa PMI falls sharply as economy hit hard by strikes

    05 August 2014

    July's PMI results bring more negative news for a country that has been hit hard by strikes and high inflation in recent months. The HSBC South...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  43. Global economy makes solid start to third quarter

    05 August 2014

    "The global economy made a solid start to the third quarter, as output growth accelerated to its fastest rate in almost three-and-a-half years....

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  44. Eurozone growth accelerates as Germany and Spain strengthen

    05 August 2014

    Eurozone economic growth accelerated at the start of the third quarter. The final Markit Eurozone PMI Composite Output Index rose to a three-month...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  45. Chinese manufacturing output expands solidly, while service sector activity stagnates

    05 August 2014

    HSBC China Composite PMI" data (which covers both manufacturing and services) signalled a third consecutive monthly expansion of Chinese business...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  46. UK construction hiring hits new record as boom rolls on into July

    04 August 2014

    "Surging growth of new business encouraged constructors to take on a record number of extra staff in July, according to PMI" data. Alongside...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  47. Week Ahead Economic Overview [4-8 Aug]: European monetary policy and worldwide services PMI results

    01 August 2014

    Policy decision at the Bank of England and European Central Bank plus worldwide whole economy and service sector PMI releases are the highlights...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  48. UK manufacturing enjoys strong start to third quarter though growth rate cools

    01 August 2014

    "The UK manufacturing sector started the third quarter on a firm footing, according to the latest PMI survey published by Markit and CIPS. The...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  49. Global manufacturing sees robust start to third quarter amid strong US and UK expansions and signs of faster growth in Asia

    01 August 2014

    The global manufacturing economy continued to grow at a steady though unspectacular pace at the start of the third quarter. The US and UK again...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  50. Further strong US job gains in July but labour market data shows signs of cooling

    01 August 2014

    US job creation remained robust in July as the strong economic upturn seen in the second quarter looks to have spilled over into the third quarter.......

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  51. Eurozone manufacturing recovery continues at start of third quarter, despite deeper downturn in France

    01 August 2014

    "July saw the final Eurozone Manufacturing PMI hold steady at June's seven-month low of 51.8, as the ongoing expansions in Germany and outside...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  52. China Manufacturing PMI strengthens to 18-month high in July

    01 August 2014

    Latest data signalled a second successive monthly improvement in overall operating conditions faced by Chinese manufacturers in July. Output...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  53. Second quarter US GDP rebound adds to survey signals of vibrant economy

    30 July 2014

    "The US economy rebounded strongly in the second quarter, and further impressive growth looks likely for the third quarter. However, it looks...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  54. UK economy passes pre-crisis peak

    25 July 2014

    A milestone in the UK recovery has been reached after a further strong performance in the second quarter brings the size of the economy above...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  55. Week Ahead Economic Overview [28th Jul - 1st Aug]: Q2 US GDP, non-farm payrolls and FOMC meeting

    24 July 2014

    "Worldwide PMI" reports are accompanied by second quarter US GDP, US non-farm payrolls and the Fed interest rate decision, plus unemployment...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  56. US manufacturing growth holds close to four-year peak

    24 July 2014

    "At 56.3 in July, down from 57.3 in June, the seasonally adjusted Markit Flash U.S. Manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index" (PMI") signalled...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  57. UK retailers enjoy best calendar quarter of sales growth for ten years

    24 July 2014

    "UK retailers are enjoying their spell for a decade in terms of sales growth, despite seeing disappointing performances in May and June.Download...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  58. Robust start to third quarter as flash PMI hits one-and-a-half year high in China

    24 July 2014

    "Growth of China's manufacturing economy accelerated to the fastest for a year and a half in July, according to the first PMI-based snapshot...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  59. Japan flash manufacturing PMI points to subdued growth since sales tax rise

    24 July 2014

    "Japan's economy looks set to avoid a downturn following April's sales tax rise, but the pace of growth remains well below that seen at the start...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  60. Eurozone manufacturing expansion continues at start of third quarter

    24 July 2014

    "The Markit Flash Eurozone Manufacturing PMI" - typically based on around 85%-90% of final survey responses - ticked higher to 51.9 in July...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  61. Bank of England policymakers mull over timing of first rate hike amid wage growth uncertainty

    23 July 2014

    Policymakers at the Bank of England's latest Monetary Policy Committee meeting continued to stress that interest rates are likely to only go...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  62. Week Ahead Economic Overview [21-25 Jul]: UK GDP and worldwide Flash PMI" releases

    17 July 2014

    Thursday's Flash PMI" data from Markit will provide first insights into the health of the world's largest economies at the start of the third...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  63. UK job vacancy data and surveys cast doubt on weakness of current wage growth

    16 July 2014

    "Employee pay growth fell to a record low in May, according to the latest data from the Office for National Statistics. The wages data look odd...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  64. UK Unemployment falls and employment surges, but pay growth hits record low

    16 July 2014

    "The labour market puzzle continues, with official data indicating that employee pay is at an all-time low despite record job creation, plunging..."...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  65. UK Households pull back on their expectations of first interest rate hike

    16 July 2014

    "Survey data collected from 1,500 households by Ipsos MORI on behalf of Markit found that half of all households that expressed a view expect...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  66. UK Household finances deteriorate at sharpest rate for six months

    16 July 2014

    "Falling to 42.1 in July, from 42.6 in June, the seasonally adjusted Markit Household Finance Index (HFI) - which measures overall perceptions...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  67. UK inflation moves closer to Bank of England target in June, house prices surge

    15 July 2014

    UK inflation moved sharply higher in June alongside another surge in house prices. The news will further fuel expectations that the Bank of England...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  68. Worldwide business confidence wanes

    14 July 2014

    "Worldwide business optimism has waned compared to the two-year high seen earlier in 2014, according to the latest Markit Global Business Outlook...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  69. Eurozone industrial production falls in May and business optimism wanes

    14 July 2014

    "Eurozone industrial production fell sharply in May. Although the decline is likely to have been temporary, the disappointing numbers add to...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  70. UK construction sector suffers temporary set back in May as output falls

    11 July 2014

    "The construction industry moved into reverse in May, according to official data. The weakness of these data alongside disappointing manufacturing...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  71. Week Ahead Economic Overview

    10 July 2014

    "The week sees as vast amount of economic news, including updates on inflation and the labour market in the UK and industrial production numbers...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  72. UK trade deficit widens in May as modest export growth offset by rising imports

    10 July 2014

    "A modest rise in exports in May was offset by a stronger increase in imports, causing the deficit to widen and suggesting that UK trade acted...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  73. The UK manufacturing output slump contrasts with upbeat business surveys

    08 July 2014

    "Britain's factories saw a surprise drop in output in May, which will add to arguments that the recovery remains too fragile for policymakers...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  74. Record rise in starting salaries for UK employees as skill shortages worsen

    08 July 2014

    "Starting salaries for permanent staff and temporary worker pay rates surged higher in June, according to recruitment industry survey data. Starting..."...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  75. Global real estate activity surges in June

    07 July 2014

    "Global Sector PMI data from Markit showed that real estate activity increased markedly in June. The sector rose to the top of the global rankings...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  76. Emerging markets gain momentum in June

    07 July 2014

    "The HSBC Emerging Markets Index (EMI), a monthly indicator derived from the PMI surveys, indicated stronger output growth across global emerging...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  77. Week Ahead Economic Overview [7-11 Jul]: Monetary policy updates, European industry output and Chinese trade data

    04 July 2014

    "The Bank of England's monetary policy decision, FOMC meeting minutes and a host of industrial production data across Europe are highlights of...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  78. Surveys show job creation in the UK is at a record high as economy continues to boom

    03 July 2014

    Yet another strong service sector PMI number indicates the UK economy continued to boom at the end of the second quarter. Alongside similar surveys...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  79. Strong labour market data from the US add to signs of economy enjoying growth spurt

    03 July 2014

    Improving official labour market data add to indications that the US economy is enjoying a strong growth spurt in the second quarter. The improvement...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  80. PMI signals fastest global economic growth for three years

    03 July 2014

    "The global economy ended the second quarter on a high note. Growth rates for output and new orders accelerated to the fastest since February...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  81. The UK construction sector hiring hits all-time high as building booms in June

    02 July 2014

    "The construction industry took on a record number of staff in June as activity in the sector continued to boom, according to PMI" data. However,..."...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  82. US and UK lead worldwide manufacturing growth higher in June

    01 July 2014

    "The global manufacturing economy grew at the fastest rate for four months in June, with the rate of expansion closing in on the near-three-year...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  83. Economic recovery in the UK buoyed by surge in business investment

    27 June 2014

    A lack of any upward revision to economic growth in the first quarter increases the chances of the first hike in interest rates being pushed...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  84. Week Ahead Economic Overview [30 Jun - 4 Jul]: Worldwide manufacturing and services PMI" releases

    26 June 2014

    The week sees the manufacturing and services PMI reports released worldwide amid the latest rate decision from the European Central Bank. Labour...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  85. The US PMI surveys signal surge in growth to post-crisis high in June

    25 June 2014

    "Markit's PMI data showed US business activity, new orders and employment surging higher in June, all growing at the fastest rates seen since...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  86. The US manufacturing PMI points to strongest improvement in overall business conditions since May 2010

    23 June 2014

    "June data pointed to a robust and accelerated improvement in the performance of the U.S. manufacturing sector. At 57.5 in June, up from 56.4...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  87. PMI signals return to growth of Chinese manufacturing economy

    23 June 2014

    Worries that China's economy is facing a so-called 'hard-landing' will be alleviated as the manufacturing sector returned to growth in June.Download...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  88. PMI heralds return to growth of Japanese manufacturing as sales tax impact wanes

    23 June 2014

    Japan's economy is showing signs of bouncing back after being hit by the April 1st sales tax rise. The flash Markit/JMMA manufacturing PMI rose...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  89. Eurozone growth slows to six-month low despite strengthening 'periphery'

    23 June 2014

    "Eurozone economic growth slowed for a second month running in June, easing to the weakest since December, according to the flash reading of...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  90. 'Flash' PMI surveys show Eurozone woes, Asia rebounds and US factory growth hits four-year high

    23 June 2014

    Markit's flash PMI" data for June pointed to resurgent expansion in Asia alongside signs of a strengthening recovery in the US. Growth disappointed...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  91. Week Ahead Economic Overview [23-27 Jun]: Flash PMI and US, UK GDP updates

    19 June 2014

    Monday's Flash PMI data from Markit will provide the first insights into the health of the world's largest economies in June. Other standouts...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  92. UK retailers enjoy best start to a year for a decade

    19 June 2014

    "Despite falling in May after an Easter-holiday related surge in April, retail sales are growing at an impressive pace so far this year. With...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  93. UK policymakers hint at 2014 rate hike amid uncertainty over economic slack

    18 June 2014

    "The Minutes from the latest Bank of England Monetary Policy Committee Meeting add to the expectation that rates will start to rise later this...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  94. UK inflation drops to 4" year low, but rising house prices confuse the policy picture

    17 June 2014

    "UK policymakers were confronted with more mixed news on the economy, as inflation fell to a four-and-a-half year low in May, but the official...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  95. Construction sector booms, Bank of England raises prospect of 2014 rate hike

    13 June 2014

    "A booming construction industry, faster-than-previously-thought economic growth at the start of the year and hawkish remarks from the Bank of...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  96. Global tourism & recreation sector posts solid activity growth in May

    13 June 2014

    The latest Markit Global Sector PMI™ data indicated a solid rise in activity in the tourism & recreation sector. Tourism & recreation also drove...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  97. Week Ahead Economic Overview [16-20 Jun]: Industrial production and FOMC decision in US

    12 June 2014

    "The week sees a vast amount of economic news, including industrial production and inflation data for the US, UK inflation and retail sales numbers...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  98. US Retailers on course for best calendar quarter for over three years

    12 June 2014

    "Retailers are on course for their best calendar quarter in terms of sales for over three years, providing further evidence that the US economy...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  99. Eurozone industry grows twice as fast as expected in April

    12 June 2014

    "The euro area recovery gathered significant momentum in April, with a much stronger than expected rise in industrial production adding to signs...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  100. UK unemployment plunges on back of record increase in employment

    11 June 2014

    "Unemployment continues to fall faster than expected amid yet another bout of record hiring, bringing the jobless total to its lowest since early...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  101. Truck weight restrictions disrupt manufacturing supply chains in Vietnam

    11 June 2014

    "In the past few months the Vietnamese authorities have stepped up their enforcement of weight limits on trucks. HSBC PMI data, compiled by Markit...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  102. UK manufacturing recovery gains further momentum

    10 June 2014

    "Britain's factories are booming, enjoying their best spell of growth for four years, according to the latest official data. The data not only...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  103. Record outperformance of developed world over emerging markets

    10 June 2014

    "The global economy grew in May at the fastest rate since last September. The JPMorgan Global PMI", compiled by Markit, rose from 52.8 in April...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  104. Global metals & mining output growth remains subdued

    09 June 2014

    May saw output growth in the metals & mining sector ease to a only a modest pace, and one that was much slower than the global manufacturing...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  105. UK trade deficit widens but buoyant surveys cast doubt on slump in official exports

    06 June 2014

    "A further marked deterioration in UK export performance, according to official trade data, sits in marked contrast to buoyant survey data. While...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  106. UK pay growth reviving as skill shortages rise at fastest rate since 1997

    06 June 2014

    Surging demand for staff and near-record skill shortages meant pay rates offered by UK companies to attract suitable workers continued to rise...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  107. US employment surpasses pre-recession peak, but Fed awaits pay rise

    06 June 2014

    "The labour market was a little stronger than anticipated in May, according to official data, bringing yet more good news on the brightening...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  108. Global food output growth at post-crisis high in May

    06 June 2014

    "The latest Markit Global Sector PMI data indicated that output in the global food industry rose sharply in May, and at a faster rate than all...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  109. Food producers climb to top of global sector rankings in May

    06 June 2014

    "Global Sector PMI data from Markit showed that food manufacturing topped the rankings in May. In contrast, beverages was the only sector to...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  110. Week Ahead Economic Overview [9-13 Jun]: UK jobless rate set to fall further

    05 June 2014

    "Next week sees a busy economic calendar. In the UK labour markets data are the highlight, providing important clues into the timing of the first...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  111. ECB takes out a policy "shotgun' to kill deflation

    05 June 2014

    "While the Bank of England pulled no surprises at its monthly policy meeting, the European Central Bank went further than expected in terms of...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  112. Bank of England policymakers hold off on rate rises again

    05 June 2014

    No surprises as the Bank of England's Monetary Policy Committee left interest rates unchanged at a record low of 0.5% at its June meeting. The...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  113. UK job creation sustained at all-time high as economy continues to surge

    04 June 2014

    "Strong PMI surveys for May add further to signs of another strong expansion of the UK economy in the second quarter, with the latest growth...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  114. Sales tax hike causes Japan's economy to contract for second month running

    04 June 2014

    "Business activity in Japan contracted for a second month running in May, according to Markit PMI survey data. However, the drop in activity...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  115. UK manufacturing upsurge continues

    02 June 2014

    May saw the UK manufacturing sector maintain one of its brightest spells of output and new order growth in the 22-year survey history. As manufacturers......

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  116. Slower decline in Japanese manufacturing output in May

    02 June 2014

    Japanese manufacturing firms saw a decline in output for the second month running in May alongside a continued fall in new orders and new export...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  117. Sharpest rise in US production levels since February 2011

    02 June 2014

    "May data signalled that output growth in the US manufacturing sector continued to accelerate through the second quarter of 2014, supported by...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  118. Eurozone manufacturing recovery slows

    02 June 2014

    "The recovery in the eurozone manufacturing sector registered a modest slowdown in May. At 52.2, down from 53.4 in April, the final seasonally...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  119. Cost of living, energy bills & interest rates top UK household financial concerns

    30 May 2014

    Rising prices, and notably energy bills, are the biggest concern among British households when asked about their future finances, followed by...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  120. Nearly one-in-four UK households expect interest rates to start rising within the next six months

    30 May 2014

    British households have brought forward their expectations of when they consider it most likely the Bank of England will start to raise interest......

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  121. Week Ahead Economic Overview [2-6 Jun]: Worldwide manufacturing and services PMI" releases

    29 May 2014

    "The week sees the manufacturing, services and whole economy PMI reports released worldwide amid policy announcements from the Bank of England...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  122. US economy set for rebound after contracting for first time in three years

    29 May 2014

    "The US recovery took a backward step in the first quarter, most likely the result of many parts of the country having been battered by extreme...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  123. US services output growth accelerates to 26-month high in May

    27 May 2014

    "Adjusted for seasonal influences, the Markit Flash US Services PMI" Business Activity Index picked up to 58.4 in May, from 55.0 in April. Higher...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  124. Week Ahead Economic Overview [26-30 May]: US GDP update and European inflation figures

    22 May 2014

    "In a week that sees the release of Markit's US flash services PMI, we also see an update on first quarter GDP for the world's largest economy....

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  125. US manufacturing output rises at fastest pace in over three years

    22 May 2014

    "Operating conditions in the US manufacturing sector continued to improve during May, with strong rises in production and output complemented...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  126. PMI edges lower in May but eurozone remains on course for best quarter for three years

    22 May 2014

    "The eurozone is enjoying its best calendar quarter for three years, according to the Markit Eurozone PMI. Despite the 'flash' PMI estimate for...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  127. Japanese output and new orders continue to fall, but at slower pace

    22 May 2014

    Today sees the first public release of the Markit/JMMA Flash Japan Manufacturing PMI. Published on a monthly basis approximately one week before...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  128. Chinese PMI signals export-led stabilisation of manufacturing economy

    22 May 2014

    "Business conditions in China's manufacturing economy deteriorated for a fifth successive month in May, according to the flash PMI produced by...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  129. Week Ahead Economic Overview [19-23 May]: Flash PMI" data for the US, China and the Eurozone

    16 May 2014

    Thursday's Flash PMI" data from Markit will provide early insights into the economic performance of the world's largest economies in May. Other...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  130. Italy: First quarter GDP disappoints, but PMI shows brighter start to second quarter

    16 May 2014

    "The Italian economy disappointingly slid back into contraction at the start of the year. However, positive PMI data in April and signs of a...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  131. Eurozone stuck in low gear as economy grows by just 0.2% in first quarter

    15 May 2014

    "The Eurozone economy expanded 0.2% in the first three months of the year, below expectations of a 0.4% increase. Growth of GDP in the first...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  132. UK unemployment hits five-year low alongside record rise in employment

    14 May 2014

    "Unemployment in the UK has fallen to its lowest for over five years and employment is rising at the fastest rate ever seen. However, ongoing...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  133. China's economy in worst growth patch since early-2009

    14 May 2014

    Markit's PMI survey data signal a further slowdown in the manufacturing sector while the services economy stagnates. A deteriorating order book...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  134. Bank of England still sees little need for rate hikes before spring 2015

    14 May 2014

    There were no big surprises in the Bank of England's updated outlook for the UK economy. The Bank's latest quarterly Inflation Report suggested...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  135. One-in-three UK workers feel under-utilised by their employers

    12 May 2014

    "A survey of almost 1,000 households reveals a desire to work more hours. Nearly one-in-six employees would prefer to do more paid hours than...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  136. Global healthcare services activity rises sharply in April

    12 May 2014

    April global sector PMI data from Markit showed a sharp and accelerated increase in healthcare services business activity. Growth was the strongest...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  137. UK manufacturers enjoy second-best calendar quarter for 15 years

    09 May 2014

    "The UK manufacturing sector enjoyed its second-best calendar quarter of growth for fifteen years at the start of the year, with production up...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  138. UK employee pay growth rises as surging demand for staff meets skill shortages

    09 May 2014

    Recruitment industry survey data show skill shortages and employee pay both growing at some of the fastest rates seen since data were first collected...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  139. Week Ahead Economic Overview [12-16 May]: GDP estimates for eurozone and Japan

    08 May 2014

    "Next week sees a busy economic calendar, including first quarter GDP estimates for the Eurozone and Japan. The single currency area and the...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  140. Healthcare services leads global sector growth rankings in April

    08 May 2014

    The latest batch of detailed Global Sector PMI data from Markit showed that providers of private healthcare registered the strongest activity...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  141. Global growth stymied by stagnation in emerging markets and Japan's tax hike

    08 May 2014

    "The global economy continued to expand in April, but the rate of growth was the slowest since last October, when the US was hit by the government..."...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  142. Emerging market output growth remains weak

    08 May 2014

    "The HSBC Emerging Markets Index (EMI), a monthly indicator derived from the PMI surveys, continued to indicate only a marginal increase in output...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  143. ECB's 'forward guidance' shifts to hint at action in June

    08 May 2014

    "The European Central Bank's Governing Council left policy unchanged at its May meeting, but hinted strongly that action of some form would be...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  144. Bank of England holds policy despite signs of booming economy

    08 May 2014

    "The Bank of England's Monetary Policy Committee left interest rates unchanged at a record low of 0.5% at its May meeting, as widely expected....

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  145. Sales tax pushes Japanese activity lower in April

    07 May 2014

    "Japanese service companies reported a fall in business activity in April, with the solid pace of reduction the sharpest since September 2011....

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  146. German economy starts second quarter on solid footing

    07 May 2014

    "April's PMI surveys signal a strong start into the second quarter, with the rate of activity growth in Germany's private sector economy accelerating...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  147. Eurozone retail PMI hits three-year high

    07 May 2014

    "April saw a rise in the level of retail sales in the euro area, according to the latest PMI data from Markit. Although only modest, growth in...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  148. UK PMI surveys signal faster economic growth and record job creation at start of second quarter

    06 May 2014

    "The April UK PMI surveys signalled a strong start to the second quarter, signalling an acceleration in the rate of economic growth to the fastest...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  149. Signs of life in Spanish economy after strong start to second quarter

    06 May 2014

    The pace of growth of the Spanish economy is set to accelerate in the second quarter. After official data signalled a 0.4% quarterly increase...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  150. Inflationary pressures ease in "Fragile 5' emerging economies

    06 May 2014

    "Each of the "Fragile 5' economies of South Africa, Turkey, India, Brazil and Indonesia posted a weaker rise in manufacturing input costs in...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  151. Eurozone economic growth at three-year high, as output expands across the big-four nations

    06 May 2014

    "The recovery in the eurozone economy gathered pace at the start of the second quarter, with the combined output of the manufacturing and service...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  152. Robust U.S. services activity growth continues in April, but job creation slips to 13-month low

    05 May 2014

    "U.S. service providers indicated a further rise in business activity during April, helped by a solid rebound in new order growth. However, job...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  153. US non-farm payrolls smash expectations in April, but recovery worries persist

    02 May 2014

    "After GDP data showed a stalling US economic recovery in the first quarter, upbeat labour market numbers bring reassuring news on the health...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  154. Week Ahead Economic Overview [5-9 May]: Manufacturing and services PMI" releases to add insights into global economic trends

    01 May 2014

    The week sees key PMI reports released amid policy announcements from the Bank of England and the European Central Bank. Industrial production...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  155. US economy stagnates in first quarter

    30 April 2014

    "The US economy slowed to a standstill in the first quarter, according to preliminary official estimates. GDP rose at an annualised rate of just...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  156. Japan Manufacturing PMI slides into contraction, but some signs point to short-lived impact from sales tax rise

    30 April 2014

    "Manufacturing activity deteriorated in April, as production and new orders dropped sharply in the wake of the sales tax rise. The headline Markit/JMMA..."...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  157. First quarter UK GDP shows strongest annual rise since 2007

    29 April 2014

    "The UK economy is enjoying its best spell of growth since 2007, with strong expansion in the first quarter setting the scene for a robust year...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  158. UK retail sales beat expectations

    25 April 2014

    "UK retail sales surprised on the upside again in March, with further robust increases likely in coming months as households push back their...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  159. UK households push back expectations of first rise in interest rates

    25 April 2014

    British households have pushed back their expectations of when they consider it most likely the Bank of England to start to raise interest rates....

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  160. Week Ahead Economic Overview [28 Apr - 2 May]: GDP estimates for US and UK followed by global manufacturing PMI surveys

    24 April 2014

    "In a week that sees manufacturing PMI results provide early insights into industry trends at the beginning of the second quarter, we also see...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  161. US goods production rises at fastest pace for just over three years in April

    24 April 2014

    "Manufacturers indicated a strong start to the second quarter of 2014, with the latest survey highlighting expanding levels of production, new...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  162. Eurozone Flash PMI: Employment returns to growth as business activity expansion nears three-year peak

    23 April 2014

    "Growth of business activity in the euro area economy accelerated to its fastest for just under three years in April, leading to a return to...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  163. China: PMI signals fourth monthly industrial contraction, though rate of decline eases

    23 April 2014

    "Business conditions in China's manufacturing economy deteriorated for a fourth successive month in April, according to the flash PMI produced...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  164. Week Ahead Economic Overview [21-25 Apr]: Flash PMI" data for the US, China and Eurozone

    17 April 2014

    Wednesday's Flash PMI" data from Markit will provide early insights into the economic performance of the world's largest economies at the start...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  165. UK construction recovery hampered as rain halts play

    11 April 2014

    "Bad weather took its toll on the UK building sector in February, according to the Office for National Statistics. However, despite a 2.8% fall...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  166. Week Ahead Economic Overview [14-18 Apr]: First look at Q1 Chinese GDP

    10 April 2014

    Clues as to whether China's growth will have slowed or picked up again in the first quarter of 2014 will be provided by updates to GDP and industrial......

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  167. Global media sector sees fall in employment alongside muted activity growth

    10 April 2014

    The latest Global Sector PMI data from Markit showed that the level of business activity in consumer services increased in March. Included within...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  168. Rising UK employee pay sits uncomfortably with loose policy stance

    09 April 2014

    "Income from employment is rising, and some sectors are already seeing pay growth well above inflation. With the recruitment industry reporting...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  169. UK: Manufacturing output surge adds to signs of strong first quarter economic growth

    08 April 2014

    "Manufacturing output expanded far more than expected again in February, adding to indications that the economic recovery has moved up a gear...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  170. Global tech sector maintains growth momentum at end of Q1

    08 April 2014

    The latest batch of Global Sector PMI data from Markit showed a solid increase in the level of business activity at technology firms in March....

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  171. Global Sector PMI: Metals & mining at foot of growth rankings in March

    07 April 2014

    Markit’s latest global sector PMI data indicated weakening output growth in the global basic materials industry in March. This reflected slowdowns...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  172. Week Ahead Economic Overview [7-11 Apr]: Industrial production and inflation updates across Eurozone countries

    04 April 2014

    "The Bank of England announces their latest rate decision, while the FOMC releases minutes from its March meeting. The week also sees industrial...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  173. US services activity growth rebounds in March, but new orders rise at slower pace

    04 April 2014

    "March data pointed to a further increase in business activity across the U.S. service sector, and the rate of expansion accelerated from the...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  174. Solid growth of US non-farm payrolls allays fears of economic slowdown

    04 April 2014

    "Non-farm payrolls came in close to expectations in March, up 192,000, the rise accounted for entirely by the private sector. The unemployment...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  175. Emerging market output growth slows to marginal pace

    04 April 2014

    "The HSBC Emerging Markets Index (EMI), a monthly indicator derived from the PMI" surveys, fell for the fourth month running to 50.3 in March...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  176. UK PMIs signal strong end to Q1, but also point to slower pace of expansion and easing price pressures

    03 April 2014

    The March PMI" surveys signalled a strong end to what looks to have been another quarter of above-trend economic growth of at least 0.7%. Growth...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  177. Russian economy contracts in first quarter

    03 April 2014

    Russian PMI data for Q1 2014 signalled the worst business conditions for manufacturers and service providers since mid-2009. The Composite PMI...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  178. Japan's economy slows as confidence slides ahead of sales tax rise

    03 April 2014

    "Although PMI data indicate that Japan's economy is growing faster than recent official data have indicated, the surveys also suggest that the...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  179. Impacts of the Fed's taper on vulnerable emerging markets

    03 April 2014

    "As the US Federal Reserve continues to cut back its asset purchases, in a process often referred to as the "taper', much has been made of the...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  180. Eurozone recovery broadens out to encompass big-four nations

    03 April 2014

    "The recovery prospects for the euro area economy continued to brighten in March. At 53.1, the final Markit Eurozone PMI Composite Output Index...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  181. Japan to suffer double hit from sales tax rise and equity market losses

    01 April 2014

    "Weak manufacturing data were to be expected in Japan after record snowfall disrupted businesses, but any hope that there was a spending spree...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  182. Global manufacturing momentum slows in March, prompts price cuts

    01 April 2014

    "Business conditions in the world's factories continued to improve in March, building on the recovery that has been evident over the past year....

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  183. Continued expansion in output for Japanese manufacturers

    31 March 2014

    The headline seasonally adjusted Markit/JMMA Purchasing Managers' Index" (PMI") - a composite indicator designed to provide a single-figure snapshot...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  184. UK upturn spurs rise in business investment, but household savings fall

    28 March 2014

    "Official data confirm that the UK economy grew 0.7% in the final quarter of last year, but also brought mixed news on the make-up of growth....

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  185. PMI-based advance indicators of US BLS non-farm payroll data

    28 March 2014

    "Markit's US PMI survey coverage encompasses private sector services as well as manufacturing. The surveys include a number of indicators, such...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  186. Week Ahead Economic Overview [31 Mar - 4 Apr]: Worldwide manufacturing and services PMI releases

    27 March 2014

    "The week sees the manufacturing, services and whole economy PMI reports released worldwide amid the policy announcement from the European Central...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  187. US economy ended 2013 with more momentum than previously thought

    27 March 2014

    "The US economy grew faster than previously thought in the final quarter of last year, with higher consumer spending and business investment...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  188. UK retail sales stage strong rebound from a weather-torn January

    27 March 2014

    "UK retail sales rebounded strongly in February, with shoppers returning to the high street after having been deterred by extreme weather in...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  189. UK income squeeze lowest for over four years as inflation falls to 1.7%

    25 March 2014

    "UK inflation fell to its lowest for over four years in February, reducing the squeeze on the cost of living while at the same time enabling...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  190. Robust US and eurozone growth contrasts with steepening downturn in China

    24 March 2014

    "Markit's flash PMI surveys showed ongoing marked divergences between manufacturing trends in the US, Eurozone and China in March. While business...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  191. Eurozone recovery prospects brighten as France returns to growth

    24 March 2014

    The euro area economy continued to enjoy its strongest spell of growth since the first half of 2011 in March. The flash estimate of the Markit...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  192. Chinese factories report steepening downturn in March

    24 March 2014

    "Business conditions in China's manufacturing economy deteriorated at the fastest rate since last July in March, according to the flash PMI produced...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  193. UK households less in tune with forward guidance than businesses

    21 March 2014

    "British households' views on when they consider it most likely that the Bank of England will start to raise interest rates were largely unchanged...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  194. Week Ahead Economic Overview [24-28 Mar]: Flash PMIs for China, Eurozone and the US

    20 March 2014

    "In a week that sees flash PMI" results provide early insights into business trends in the US, China and Eurozone at the end of the first quarter...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  195. UK: Tightening labour market drives pay growth higher

    19 March 2014

    "Unemployment fell further in February, and looks set to decline further in coming months, while pay growth also continues to revive. Pay is...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  196. Companies' expansion plans buoyed by Bank of England policy guidance

    17 March 2014

    "The Bank of England's policy of 'forward guidance' has made the majority of companies feel more confident about the near-term prospects for...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  197. Official UK data show odd-looking slump in exports and construction output

    14 March 2014

    "While survey data suggest near-record export growth and a booming construction sector are key factors behind a surge in economic growth in the...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  198. Week Ahead Economic Overview [17-23 Mar]: UK Budget and US production

    13 March 2014

    "Next week's economic calendar features the publication of the 2014 UK Budget, alongside unemployment figures and the minutes from the latest...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  199. US retail sales and labour market show better than expected resilience to cold weather

    13 March 2014

    "Jobless benefit claims and retail sales both beat expectations, providing reassurances that the US is coping better than many had anticipated...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  200. Eurozone manufacturing output trends higher at fastest rate since April 2011

    12 March 2014

    "Manufacturing output in the euro area rose 0.3% in January, according to the official statistics body Eurostat. The increase took output 1.3%...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  201. UK manufacturers enjoy solid start to what's expected to be a boom year

    11 March 2014

    "A better than expected January sets the scene for what may be a boom year for UK manufacturers. Manufacturing enjoyed a strong start to the...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  202. Markit Global Business Outlook: Developed world set to lead strengthening global upturn in 2014

    11 March 2014

    "The latest Markit Global Business Outlook Survey, conducted in February and based on responses from a panel of 11,000 companies, showed the...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  203. Consumer goods group moves to top of global sector growth rankings

    10 March 2014

    February's global sector PMI data dump showed a broad-based expansion of business activity across all eight groups monitored by the business...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  204. US: Hiring beats expectations in February, but trend weakened by wet weather

    07 March 2014

    "Severe winter weather looks to have less of a dampened effect on hiring by US companies than anticipated. Non-farm payroll rose 175,000 in February,..."...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  205. UK recruitment industry reports further surge in employment and wage growth

    07 March 2014

    "Employment and recruitment agencies reported another month of surging demand for staff in February, with employment continuing to rise strongly...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  206. Week Ahead Economic Overview [10-14 Mar]: Key industrial production data among highlights

    06 March 2014

    "The week sees industrial production data for the eurozone, the UK, Japan and China. The UK also sees updates to trade and retail sales, while...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  207. Emerging market growth slows further

    06 March 2014

    "The HSBC Emerging Markets Index (EMI), a monthly indicator derived from the PMI" surveys, fell for the third month running to 51.1 in February...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  208. UK: Job creation hits all-time high as economic growth surge continues in February

    05 March 2014

    "Companies took on a record number of extra staff in February, according to PMI" surveys, as firms boosted capacity in response to a brightening...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  209. Global growth slips as key economies hit by extreme winter weather

    05 March 2014

    "The global economy continued to grow in February, albeit with extreme weather causing a slowdown in the rate of expansion. The JPMorgan Global...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  210. Eurozone economic growth accelerates to 32-month record

    05 March 2014

    "Final February PMI data signalled an acceleration in the rate of expansion of the eurozone economy to a 32-month high, an improvement on the...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  211. World's factories report best performance for almost three years

    03 March 2014

    "Business conditions in the world's factories showed the largest monthly improvement for almost three years in February. The JPMorgan Global...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  212. UK manufacturing employment rises at fastest pace since May 2011

    03 March 2014

    "The strong upswing in the UK manufacturing sector was maintained during February, as levels of production and new business continued to rise...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  213. Sharpest improvement in US manufacturing business conditions since May 2010

    03 March 2014

    "At 57.1 in February, up from 53.7 in January, the final seasonally adjusted U.S. Manufacturing Purchasing Managers' Index" (PMI") signalled...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  214. PMI signals modest deterioration of Chinese manufacturing business conditions in February

    03 March 2014

    "Chinese manufacturers signalled reductions of both output and new business in February, leading to a moderate deterioration of overall operating...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  215. Eurozone manufacturing recovery continues

    03 March 2014

    "At 53.2 in February, the final seasonally adjusted Markit Eurozone Manufacturing PMI came in above the earlier flash estimate of 53.0. Although...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  216. US fourth quarter economic growth revised lower but pace remains firm

    28 February 2014

    "The US economy grew less than previously thought in the closing quarter of last year, but the details of the report suggest that investment...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  217. Japan manufacturing PMI slips from near-eight-year high but still signals strong expansion

    28 February 2014

    "The Markit/JMMA PMI fell from 56.6 in January to 55.5, but remained close to the all-time high of 57.0 to signal one of the strongest expansions...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  218. Week Ahead Economic Overview [3-7 Mar]: Manufacturing and services PMI releases to add insights into global economic trends

    27 February 2014

    "The week sees the manufacturing, services and whole economy PMI" reports released worldwide amid policy announcements from the Bank of England...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  219. 2013 UK growth revised down but outlook brightens on rising business investment

    26 February 2014

    "The UK economy grew less than first thought last year, but the estimate for the fourth quarter was left unchanged at 0.7% and the details of...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  220. UK retail sales remain on firm upward trend despite weather-hit January

    21 February 2014

    "Retail sales fell more than expected in January, but once the decline is looked at in context of the atrocious weather seen during the month...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  221. Week Ahead Economic Overview [24-28 Feb]: Clues sought for US economy's resilience

    20 February 2014

    "Deflation in the Eurozone, the pace of economic growth in the US after severe weather hit the country and 'Abenomics' are all key themes for...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  222. UK: Fears of higher interest rates rose ahead of forward guidance review

    20 February 2014

    British households again pulled forward their expectations of when they consider it most likely the Bank of England to start to raise interest...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  223. U.S. manufacturing sector performance rebounds strongly in February

    20 February 2014

    February data suggested a solid rebound in U.S. manufacturing business conditions following the slowdown recorded during the previous month....

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  224. Eurozone manufacturing recovery stretches to eight months in February

    20 February 2014

    "The eurozone manufacturing recovery entered its eighth successive month in February. At 53.0, the Markit Flash Eurozone Manufacturing PMI -...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  225. Eurozone PMI signals ongoing robust recovery as new orders show largest rise since mid-2011

    20 February 2014

    "The euro area economy continued to expand at a robust pace in February, enjoying its strongest run of growth since the first half of 2011. The...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  226. Chinese factories report second month of decline, cut jobs at fastest rate for five years

    20 February 2014

    "The Chinese manufacturing economy contracted for a second successive month in February, according to the flash PMI produced by Markit for HSBC....

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  227. UK pay growth creeps high as labour market continues to tighten

    19 February 2014

    Pay growth in the UK showed signs of lifting higher towards the end of last year as job creation continued to surge in the fourth quarter.Download...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  228. Inflation drops below Bank of England target for first time since 2009

    18 February 2014

    A drop in UK inflation to the lowest since November 2009 means the UK economy is enjoying a welcome combination of strong economic growth and...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  229. UK: Revised official data adds to signs of recovering construction sector

    14 February 2014

    "Rather than contracting 0.3%, as initially thought, the construction industry grew 0.2% in the final quarter of last year, according the latest...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  230. German economic growth accelerates slightly and beats forecast

    14 February 2014

    "Official data showed that the eurozone's largest economy expanded a consensus-beating 0.4% in the final three months of 2014, adding to survey...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  231. GDP data confirm eurozone's gathering recovery prospects

    14 February 2014

    Economic growth figures for the final quarter of last year add to survey evidence that the eurozone's recovery has moved up a gear. Not only...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  232. Big chill hits US factories in January

    14 February 2014

    A surprise fall in industrial production in January provides further signs that the US economy is going through a tough spot as harsher than...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  233. Week Ahead Economic Overview [17-21 Feb]: Flash PMIs for China, Eurozone and the US

    13 February 2014

    "Next week's economic calendar features the first estimate of fourth quarter GDP for Japan, flash PMI results for China, US and the Eurozone...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  234. Global basic materials output expands at solid rate in January, though pace eases from December

    13 February 2014

    "Building on the strong growth evident in Q4 2013, global basic materials industry grew for the eighth month running in January, according to...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  235. Bank of England sets out expected course for interest rates

    12 February 2014

    "Interest rates may need to rise by the spring of next year, according the Bank of England, but the speed of rate hikes thereafter will be slow...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  236. Bank of England 'forward guidance' boosting business investment

    12 February 2014

    The Bank of England's policy of 'forward guidance' and its related policy communications have made the majority of companies feel more confident...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  237. Global financial services activity rises solidly at start of 2014

    11 February 2014

    "January Global Sector PMI data from Markit showed a solid rise in the level of business activity across the broad financials group, stretching...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  238. Worldwide PMIs highlight emerging market and developed world divergences

    10 February 2014

    "The global economy maintained a robust pace of expansion in January, but the divergence between the growth rates in developed and emerging markets..."...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  239. Further solid growth in global industrial activity in January

    10 February 2014

    Markit's global sector PMI data signalled a stronger increase in global industrial activity in January. Among eight broad sector groups covered...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  240. US jobless rate hits lowest since 2008 but employment growth disappoints again

    07 February 2014

    "The US labour market started the year on a weaker than expected footing, casting doubt on whether the Fed should proceed with any further tapering...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  241. UK recruiters report strongest rise in demand for staff for over 15 years

    07 February 2014

    Recruitment agencies in the UK reported the strongest monthly rise in demand for permanent staff for fifteen and a half years in January. The...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  242. UK manufacturing buoyed by export revival

    07 February 2014

    "UK manufacturing continued to recover at a robust pace in the final months of 2013, buoyed by a welcome revival in exports, according to official...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  243. Growth in EU consumer goods gains momentum at start of 2014

    07 February 2014

    The first set of EU sector PMI data for 2014 pointed to a further acceleration in the rate of expansion of consumer goods output. Having picked...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  244. Global Sector PMI: Broad-based easing in growth in January

    07 February 2014

    "Markit's first batch of global sector PMI data for 2014 showed that many sectors posted weaker increases in output in January. That said, no...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  245. German industry sees payback in December after buoyant November, but trend remains solid

    07 February 2014

    "German industrial production declined in December, but the drop followed a particularly marked rise in November. The increase in production...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  246. Bank of England policy makers plagued by data uncertainties

    07 February 2014

    "The Bank of England's new policy of forward guidance, introduced last summer, has revealed how policymakers have been caught out by the speed...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  247. Week Ahead Economic Overview [10-14 Feb]: First look at euro GDP in fourth quarter

    06 February 2014

    "The most important economic releases of the week will come out of the eurozone, while central bank watchers will be poring over the Bank of...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  248. ECB holds policy unchanged, in line with the signal from improving PMI survey

    06 February 2014

    The European Central Bank left monetary policy unchanged at its February meeting. The lack of action disappointed many observers who were hoping...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  249. Bank of England holds policy as Inflation Report awaited for more guidance

    06 February 2014

    The Bank of England left monetary policy unchanged at its February meeting. The Monetary Policy Committee decided to hold the Bank's main interest...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  250. UK job creation returns to record high as business growth spurt continues in January

    05 February 2014

    "The UK economy enjoyed a strong start to 2014, according to PMI surveys. Despite unusually wet weather, business activity continued to rise...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  251. Strong manufacturing growth bolsters Japanese economy in January

    05 February 2014

    "Business activity at private sector firms in Japan grew for a thirteenth successive month in January, continuing the longest unbroken expansion...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  252. Spanish recovery remains on track at start of 2014

    05 February 2014

    The latest PMI data for Spain suggest that the economy remained on the road to recovery at the start of 2014. Official data indicated that GDP...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  253. Sharpest rise in US service sector output for four months

    05 February 2014

    "At 56.7 in January, up from 55.7 in December, the seasonally adjusted Markit U.S. Services PMI" Business Activity Index posted above the neutral...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  254. UK construction sector sees near-record upturn across all sub-sectors

    04 February 2014

    "The UK construction industry opened 2014 with its best month for almost six-and-a-half years, according to PMI data for January, despite some...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  255. Markets misled by US factory order book signal

    04 February 2014

    Stock markets have fallen sharply in what looks to be an over-reaction to a steep deterioration in the ISM survey. The ISM's manufacturing new...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  256. US Manufacturing PMI eases to three-month low in January

    03 February 2014

    "US manufacturers indicated that output and new business growth rates slowed in January, with some attributing this to disruptions from the extreme...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  257. Strong UK manufacturing rebound continues

    03 February 2014

    The UK manufacturing sector made a positive start to 2014. Rates of expansion in output and new orders remained well above their respective long-run......

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  258. Manufacturing highlights growing developed and emerging market divergences

    03 February 2014

    "Global manufacturing continued to expand at a robust pace in January, with growth easing only slightly from December's recent high. However...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  259. Eurozone Manufacturing PMI at 32-month high in January

    03 February 2014

    "At 54.0 in January, a shade higher than the flash estimate of 53.9, the seasonally adjusted Markit Eurozone Manufacturing PMI confirmed the...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  260. Developed world leads global trade revival in January

    03 February 2014

    "Worldwide PMI survey data signalled an increase in goods exports for a seventh straight month in January, indicating that the upturn in global...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  261. Demand for investment goods in UK surges at fastest rate for two decades

    03 February 2014

    "UK manufacturers are reporting surging demand for goods such as IT equipment, plant and machinery, suggesting that a long-awaited upturn in...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  262. Japanese manufacturers report record rise in production

    31 January 2014

    "The Markit/JMMA PMI signalled a survey-record increase in manufacturing output in January, with higher production fuelled by the largest monthly...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  263. Week Ahead Economic Overview [3-7 Feb]: PMI releases to give first insights into economic growth in 2014

    30 January 2014

    "The week features worldwide manufacturing and services PMI" releases, monetary policy decisions from the Bank of England and the European Central...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  264. US GDP grows 0.8% in final quarter of 2013 in broad-based expansion

    30 January 2014

    "The US economy grew by 0.8% in the final quarter of 2013, down from 1.0% in the third quarter. In annualised terms, growth slowed from 4.1%...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  265. UK: Another quarter of robust growth

    28 January 2014

    "The UK economy continued to grow at a robust pace in the final quarter of last year, confirming that the country is seeing the best period of...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  266. New UK indicators to help understand the underlying economic environment

    28 January 2014

    Markit Economics has developed two new economic indicators to provide further understanding of the changing economic environment facing businesses...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  267. US: Sharpest rise in services business activity since September 2013

    27 January 2014

    "At 56.6 in January, up from 55.7 in December, the Markit Flash U.S. Services PMI" Business Activity Index signalled a further robust expansion...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  268. Gloom lifts over UK household finances amid lowest job concerns for at least five years and falling inflation perceptions

    27 January 2014

    "At 41.5 in January, up from 40.9 in December, the seasonally adjusted Markit Household Finance Index (HFI) rose to its joint-highest level in...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  269. Week Ahead Economic Overview [27-31 Jan]: US Q4 GDP follows flash services PMI

    23 January 2014

    "Next week sees a busy economic calendar, including fourth quarter GDP estimates for the UK and the US, eurozone unemployment plus PMI results...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  270. US output growth hits three-month low amid disruptions from big freeze in January

    23 January 2014

    "At 53.7 in January, down from 55.0 in December, the Markit Flash U.S. Manufacturing PMI, which is based on approximately 85% of usual monthly...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  271. Eurozone manufacturing recovery gathers pace, led by strong German growth

    23 January 2014

    The eurozone manufacturing recovery remained firmly on track at the start of the new year. Growth rates for production and new business hit their...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  272. Eurozone Composite PMI hits highest since June 2011, signalling strengthening economic recovery

    23 January 2014

    "The euro area private sector economy grew for a seventh consecutive month in January, according to the flash Markit Eurozone PMI, with the rate...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  273. Chinese manufacturing slides back into contraction at start of 2014

    23 January 2014

    "The Chinese manufacturing economy contracted for the first time in six months in January, according to the flash PMI produced by Markit for...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  274. UK unemployment rate falls to 7.1%

    22 January 2014

    "The rate of unemployment in the UK continued to collapse in November. The headline rate fell from 7.4% to 7.1% in the three months to November...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  275. UK households see prospect of higher interest rates edging closer

    22 January 2014

    The date when British households expect the Bank of England to start to raise interest rates edged closer again in January. Survey data collected...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  276. France: Investigating survey divergences with official GDP and employment data

    21 January 2014

    "Recent official data on economic growth have diverged markedly from the PMI business survey data. However, a closer examination of the data...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  277. UK retail sales show strongest annual rise in nine years

    17 January 2014

    "UK retail sales smashed through expectations in December. Despite the rise, sales over the fourth quarter as a whole slowed compared to the...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  278. Week Ahead Economic Overview [20-24 Jan]: Flash PMIs for China, eurozone and the US

    16 January 2014

    "Next week sees a busy economic calendar, including GDP data for China over the weekend, flash PMI results for China, US and the eurozone during...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  279. German economy grows less than expected in 2013

    15 January 2014

    "The German economy grew moderately in 2013, according to Germany's Federal Statistical Office (Destatis). Gross domestic product rose 0.4% over...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  280. US retail sales show strongest underlying growth trend for one-and-a-half years

    14 January 2014

    Stronger than expected retail sales in December add to business survey evidence to suggest that the US economy maintained a robust pace of economic...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  281. Inflation hits Bank of England target for first time in over four years

    14 January 2014

    "Inflation has hit the Bank of England's 2.0% target for the first time since November 2009, suggesting that the UK economy is enjoying a period...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  282. Technology output growth accelerates at year end

    13 January 2014

    "The latest Markit Global Sector PMI data indicated that the technology industry expanded sharply at the end of 2013, rounding off a strong final...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  283. US unemployment rate hits five-year low, but hiring disappoints

    10 January 2014

    "A steep fall in unemployment in December ups the odds of further Fed tapering. Although non-farm payroll growth was disappointingly low, one...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  284. Official data paint disappointing picture of UK industry and construction in November

    10 January 2014

    Weaker than expected output of the industrial sector and a surprise drop in construction industry output in November suggest fourth quarter economic...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  285. Global consumer goods sector finishes a solid year in good health

    10 January 2014

    "Worldwide consumer goods manufacturers enjoyed a relatively successful year in terms of output growth in 2013, according to Markit's global...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  286. Week Ahead Economic Overview [13-17 Jan]: US retail sales set to improve

    09 January 2014

    "The week sees further clues to US growth in the fourth quarter, as well as UK retail sales and inflation in December. Euro area industrial production...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  287. UK exports rise in November, but remain oddly lacklustre compared to surveys

    09 January 2014

    "Official data indicated that UK goods exports rebounded in November, but the recent trend remains far weaker than indicated by business surveys....

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  288. Surge in UK recruitment points to upturn in pay growth and further jobless fall

    09 January 2014

    "Job creation continued to surge in December, according to recruitment agencies. Alongside deteriorating staff availability, rising demand for...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  289. German industrial production growth adds hopes to acceleration of GDP growth

    09 January 2014

    "German industrial production grew more than expected in October, adding to signs that the economy is enjoying a robust and broad-based upturn....

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  290. Basic materials output expands sharply in Q4

    09 January 2014

    "The latest Markit Global Sector PMI data indicated that the basic materials industry expanded sharply in the final quarter of 2013, recovering...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  291. Bank of England keeps rates on hold, but data raise questions about policy

    09 January 2014

    "The Bank of England's Monetary Policy Committee voted to leave interest rates unchanged at the all-time low of 0.5% in December, and left asset...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  292. German trade surplus widens

    08 January 2014

    "Rising exports and falling imports pushed the German trade surplus to a near record high in November, suggesting trade will have helped boost...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  293. Financial services top global sector PMI rankings in 2013

    08 January 2014

    Markit's detailed global PMI data showed that financial services registered the strongest overall business performance among the broad groups...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  294. EU autos sector records sharp turnaround in 2013

    08 January 2014

    EU sector PMI data for 2013 showed a broad-based upturn in economic performance in Europe. One of the year's biggest success stories was automobiles...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  295. Italian construction activity contracts in December

    07 January 2014

    The level of activity in Italy's construction sector contracted in December amid a further reduction in new order intakes. The downturn was again......

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  296. German retail sales rise in November

    07 January 2014

    "Retail sales data suggest that Germany's economic recovery is now spreading into the retail sector, following a two-month period of declining...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  297. French constructors signal slower fall in activity at end of Q4

    07 January 2014

    "The downturn in France's construction sector eased in December. Activity and new orders both showed less marked contractions than one month...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  298. Emerging market growth checked at year end

    07 January 2014

    "The HSBC Emerging Markets Index (EMI), a monthly indicator derived from the PMI surveys, signalled overall growth of output across global emerging...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  299. UK PMI surveys signal strong end to 2013

    06 January 2014

    "Further strong economic growth was signalled by the Markit/CIPS PMI surveys in December, rounding off the best quarter of growth since the data...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)
  300. Japan: Private sector continues strong growth in December

    06 January 2014

    "Japan's economy continued to grow at a strong pace in December, though the pace of expansion remained below October's record high. The latest...

    • Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI)

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