Fresh fruit and vegetables are the raw material for many forms of processing: dried, dehydrated, frozen, canned and juice. As a natural product, sometimes grown in regions where the weather is volatile, harvests can vary dramatically, impacting on finished product prices.Key facts about the global fruit and vegetables market
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Key themes affecting the fresh fruit and vegetable markets
As with so many agricultural commodities, politics and weather are playing a part in the supply of fresh fruit and vegetables for processing or for fresh sale. For many European countries, the biggest problem is the Russian embargo on imports of fruits and vegetables. This is particularly affecting Poland, which used to supply a large part of Russia’s fresh apples, and Spain, which (before the embargo) sold a lot of fresh peaches to Russia.
The ban on Polish fruit has come at a time when the country’s fresh apple production has moved into a higher gear, thanks to the maturing of a vast area of new apple orchards planted a few years ago and largely subsidised by the EU. This has contributed to the present oversupply of apples. Considerable volumes of Polish fruit have been smuggled into Russia (Belarus has been a key player here) and apart from the occasional showpiece seizure, Russia seems to have turned a blind eye because the alternative is empty shelves in supermarkets.
Peaches are short-life fruits and cannot be stored anywhere near as long as apples. Spain’s solution has been to divert fruit to institutional feeding programmes and as raw material for processing into purée.
Organics are a major global trend. Organic cultivation is increasing particularly fast in France, Chile and other countries and yields are increasing thanks to the use of a new generation of organic fertilisers. This is bringing down prices and making it easier to forecast, particularly, processed production.
Selection of fresh fruit and vegetable prices and trade volumes | ||||
2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | |
Polish processing apple price (Euro cents per kilo) | 19 | 5-6 | 12 | 14 |
Spanish fresh peaches (EUR per tonne) | 2122 | 2090 | 1927 | n/a |
Spanish fresh artichokes (EUR per tonne) | 805 | 634 | 745 | 705 |
Chilean fresh apple exports, tonnes | 716,307 | 778,941 | 673,729 | n/a |
Russian fresh orange imports, tonnes | 452,199 | 428,481 | 465,431 | n/a |
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